All fabrics made of natural or regenerated cellulose, as well as many made from other natural or man-made fibers, are combustible. Some combustible fabrics when used for clothing are potentially dangerous to the wearer because of such factors as ease of ignition, flame spread time, amount of heat released, and design of the garment. Variations in finishes and fabric surfaces can also have a large impact on flammability. Therefore, fabrics are tested before and after one cycle after dry cleaning and laundering.

45 Degree Automatic Flammability Tester is used to detect the combustion performance of textiles. It is mainly used for the flame retardant performance of textiles and garments, and the products are properly graded according to their combustion performance to prevent the use of any dangerous textiles and garments. Dangerous occurrence of life-threatening; its product testing scope is mainly clothing textiles, toy fabrics, upholstered furniture fabrics, etc.

It consists of a control system and a combustion chamber. Install the sample on a sample holder inclined at an angle of 45° in the combustion chamber, make the burner close to the sample, ignite the sample with flame for a specified time, and then return to observe the combustion of the sample. The ignitability and flame spread properties of the specimens were evaluated by the speed of flame spread on the specimen.

The ASTM D1230 standard is used to measure the severity and speed with which flammable textiles burn once ignited.

This standard specifies the method for determining the flammability of textiles for clothing and three grades for assessing the flammability of textiles for clothing.

1. Suede refers to the surface of the fabric with various piles, such as brushed, raised, tufted, flocked or similar surfaces.

2. Flammability The ability of a material or product to burn with flames under specified test conditions.

3. The flame spread rate is the distance that the flame spreads per unit time under the specified test conditions.

To place the fabric in one of the three flammability classes, arbitrary limits have been chosen for the flame application time and flame spread time. These limits are based on extensive testing experience and are considered useful guidelines for judging the relative flammability of apparel textiles. However, it must be understood that there is no guarantee, nor is it implied, that garments made from fabrics or products belonging to any one flammability class will not be hazardous under certain conditions.

Test principle

1. Burning intensity and speed test

Under the specified conditions, place the sample at an angle of 45 degrees, ignite the sample for 1 s, and the time required to burn the sample upward for a certain distance with flames is used as a measure for evaluating the severity of the textile's burning. For fabrics with raised surface, the ignition or melting of the base fabric is an additional indicator of the intensity of combustion

2. Damaged area and damaged length test

Under the specified test conditions, the textile sample in the 45° direction was ignited, and the afterburning and smoldering time, damaged area and damaged length of the fabric after burning were measured.

3. Number of exposure to flame test

Under the specified test conditions, ignite the textile sample in the 45° direction, and measure the number of times the fabric needs to touch the flame at a distance of 90 mm from the lower end of the sample.

The test measures two such factors: flammability and flame spread time.

Scope

1.1 This test method covers the assessment of the flammability of textiles when they reach the consumer in articles other than children's sleepwear or protective clothing.

1.2 This test method measures and describes the response of a material, product, or component to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself cover all that is required for a fire hazard or risk assessment of a material, product, or component under an actual fire. factor status.

1.3 Fire tests are inherently hazardous. Adequate protection of persons and property should be taken during these tests.

NOTE 1—This test method is different from 16 CFR Part 1610, Flammability of Textile Clothing. CPSC regulations require that fabrics introduced into commerce comply with the requirements of 16 CFR Part 1610.

1.4 Values ​​in SI units are standard; inch-pound units are for reference only.

1.5 This test method is not intended to address all safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this test method to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

## Garment Flammability; Fabric Flammability; Apparel Fabrics; Professional Apparel Fabrics; Flammability - Textile Fabrics/Fibers;

Please review video of the 45 Degree Automatic Flammability Tester  operation as below link:

https://youtu.be/LkLZ_NMmh08 

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